The use of statistical phylogenetics in virology

Molecular phylogenetics, particularly statistical is widely used to solve the fundamental and applied problems in virology. Bayesian, or statistical, phylogenetic methods, which came into practice 10—15 years ago, markedly expanded range of questions that can be answered based on analyzing nucleotide amino acid sequences. An opportunity using various evolution models allows inferring chronology, geography dynamics infection spreading. For example, analysis globally distributed HIV group M by Bayesian methods demonstrated with a probability 99% most recent common ancestor these viruses existed surroundings city Kinshasa (Democratic Republic Congo) early 1920s. Another study showed H9N2 influenza virus likely passed humans from wild ducks Hong Kong late 1960s. In addition, evaluating effect measures taken development epidemic process. it was shown retrospectively rate hepatitis C cases Egypt increased several orders magnitude mid-20th century. A sharp rise new case associated treatment for schistosomiasis non-sterile repeatedly syringes. set has been tens thousands researches describing aspects occurrence spread infectious diseases animals. This facilitated accessibility software implements methods. The complexity imposes strict requirements data being analyzed. correctness depends factors. necessary choose an evolutionary model adequately describes studied objects. mandatory step formulating results justification selected model. viruses, acquisition genetic elements other organisms typical, therefore, genomes even closely related may have non-homologous regions unsuitable analysis. aspect creation representative dataset. Sometimes, all stages are not indicated publications, so obtained interpreted ambiguously. correct use phylogenetics virology possible only upon understanding their principles, proper preparation selection criteria.